Factpages Norwegian Offshore Directorate
Factpages Norwegian Offshore Directorate
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31.10.2024 - 01:27
Time of last synchronization with Norwegian Offshore Directorate's internal systems

31/4-3

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  • General information

    General information
    Attribute Value
    Wellbore name
    Official name of wellbore based on Norwegian Offshore Directorate guidelines for designation of wells and wellbores.
    31/4-3
    Type
    Wellbore type. Legal values: EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT, OTHER (see 'Purpose' for more information)
    EXPLORATION
    Purpose
    Final classification of the wellbore.

    Legal values for exploration wellbores:
    WILDCAT, APPRAISAL, WILDCAT-CCS, APPRAISAL-CCS.

    Legal values for development wellbores:
    OBSERVATION, PRODUCTION, INJECTION, INJECTION-CCS, OBSERVATION-CCS.

    Legal values for other wellbores:
    SOIL DRILLING (drilling in connection with track surveys and other subsurface surveys to investigate the soil conditions prior to placement of facilities),
    SHALLOW GAS (drilling to investigate shallow gas before the first 'real' drilling on the location),
    PILOT (drilling to investigate the geology and fluid connectors for location of the main wellbore),
    SCIENTIFIC (drilling according to Law of Scientific research and exploration),
    STRATIGRAPHIC (driling according to Law of Petroleum activities §2-1).
    WILDCAT
    Status
    Status for the wellbore. Legal values are:

    BLOWOUT: A blowout has occurred in the well.
    CLOSED: A development wellbore that has been closed in a shorter or longer periode. Also applies to development wellbores where drilling is completed, but production/injection has not yet been reported.
    DRILLING: The well is in the drilling phase - can be active drilling, logging, testing or plugging,
    JUNKED: The drilling operation has been terminated due to technical problems.
    P&A: Exploration: The well is plugged and abandoned, and can not be reentered for further use. Development wells: The production/injection from/to the well is stopped and the well is plugged. The wellhead is removed or else made unavailable for further well operations.
    PLUGGED: The wellbore has been plugged, but the upper parts of the wellbore can be re-used. A sidetrack might be drilled at a later stage.
    PRODUCING: It was produced from the wellbore at the time of the operators last monthly report to the Norwegian Offshore Directorate.
    INJECTING: It was injected to the wellbore at the time of the operators last monthly report to the Norwegian Offshore Directorate.
    PREDRILLED: The upper part of the well has been drilled, usually as part of a batch-drilling campaign covering several wellbores.
    RE-CLASS TO DEV: Exploration wellbore that is reclassified to a development wellbore.
    RE-CLASS TO TEST: Exploration wellbore that is reclassified to test production.
    SUSPENDED: The drilling operation in the wellbore has been temporarily stopped. The current plan is to continue drilling later on.
    P&A
    Multilateral
    Indicator telling if the parent well is multilateral, meaning it has more than one branch radiating from the main borehole. Example of legal values: YES, NO. See also Norwegian Offshore Directorate guidelines for designation of wells and wellbores.
    NO
    Factmaps in new window
    Main area
    Name of the area on the Norwegian Continental Shelf where the wellbore is located. Legal values: BARENTS SEA, NORWEGIAN SEA, NORTH SEA.
    NORTH SEA
    Field
    Name of the field the wellbore is related to.
    Discovery
    Name of the discovery the wellbore is related to.
    Well name
    Official name of the parent well for the wellbore based on Norwegian Offshore Directorate guidelines for designation of wells and wellbores.
    31/4-3
    Production licence
    Official designation of the production licence the wellbore was drilled or planned to be drilled from ( well head posistion).
    Drilling operator
    Name of the licensee starting the drilling operation on behalf of the active production license (well head position). This will usually equal the operator of the production license.
    Norsk Hydro Produksjon AS
    Drill permit
    The drilling permit number together with the version of the drilling permit as stated in the drilling permit granted by the Norwegian Offshore Directorate.
    236-L
    Drilling facility
    Norwegian Offshore Directorate's name of the facility which the wellbore was drilled from.
    Drilling days
    Number of days from wellbore entry to wellbore completion.
    140
    Entered date
    The date when he wellbore was spudded. For sidetracks: The date when new formation was drilled by kicking off from the mother-wellbore,
    24.12.1979
    Completed date
    Exploration wellbores from moveable facilities:
    For floating facilities - date when anchor handling is started. For jackups - date the jacking-down started. Exploration wellbores from fixed facilities and all development wellbores:
    Date when the wellbore is at total depth, and last casing, liner or screen is set. In case of immediate plugging of the wellbore, completed date equals the date the last plug i set in the wellbore.
    Date when the wellbore is at total depth, and last casing, liner or screen is set. In case of immediate plugging of the wellbore, completed date equals the date the last plug i set in the wellbore.
    11.05.1980
    Release date
    Date when raw data which has been reported to the authorities from the wellbore is not confidential any longer. Normally 2 years after finishing the drilling. May be earlier if the area of the production license is relinquished.
    11.05.1982
    Publication date
    Date quality control of the wellbore information was completed, so it can be published on the internet as a 'Well Data Summary Sheet' wellbore with more information available than other wellbores.
    29.03.2014
    Purpose - planned
    Pre-drill purpose of the wellbore. Legal values for exploration wellbores: WILDCAT, APPRAISAL, WILDCAT-CCS, APPRAISAL-CCS. Example of legal values for development wellbores: OBSERVATION, PRODUCTION, INJECTION.
    WILDCAT
    Content
    For exploration wellbores, status of discovery.

    Legal values:
    DRY, SHOWS (trace amounts of hydrocarbons), GAS, GAS/CONDENSATE, OIL or OIL/GAS.
    SHOWS (GAS SHOWS, OIL SHOWS or OIL/GAS SHOWS) are detected as fluorescent cut (organic extract), petroleum odour, or visual stain on cuttings or cores, or as increased gas reading on the mud-loggers gas detection equipment.
    Legal values for WILDCAT-CCS and APPRAISAL-CCS: WATER

    For development wellbores, type of produced/injected fluid.
    Legal values:
    WATER, CUTTINGS, NOT AVAILABLE, OIL, GAS/CONDENSATE, OIL/GAS, CO2, GAS, WATER/GAS, NOT APPLICABLE.
    OIL/GAS
    Discovery wellbore
    Indicator which tells if the wellbore made a new discovery. Legal values: YES, NO. Prior to press-release or other information regarding drilling results, the indicator will be “NO” as a default.
    YES
    1st level with HC, age
    Age of lithostratigraphic unit, 1st level, where hydrocarbons were encountered. Examples of legal values: CRETACEOUS, EARLY CRETACEOUS, LATE JURASSIC, EOCENE. See also Norwegian Offshore Directorate bulletins.
    LATE JURASSIC
    1st level with HC, formation
    Name of lithostartigraphic unit, 1st level, where hydrocarbons were encountered. Shown only for released wells. Examples of legal values: BASEMENT, COOK FM, EKOFISK FM, HEIMDAL FM, SANDNES FM, SOGNEFJORD FM, TARBERT FM, BRENT GP. See also Norwegian Offshore Directorate bulletins.
    INTRA HEATHER FM SS
    2nd level with HC, age
    Age of lithostratigraphic unit, 2nd level, where hydrocarbons were encountered. Examples of legal values: CRETACEOUS, EARLY CRETACEOUS, LATE JURASSIC, EOCENE.
    MIDDLE JURASSIC
    2nd level with HC, formation
    Name of lithostartigraphic unit, 2nd level, where hydrocarbons were encountered. Shown only for released wells. Examples of legal values: BASEMENT, COOK FM, EKOFISK FM, HEIMDAL FM, SANDNES FM, SOGNEFJORD FM, TARBERT FM, BRENT GP.
    INTRA HEATHER FM SS
    Kelly bushing elevation [m]
    Elevation of the rotary kelly bushing (RKB) above mean sea level.
    25.0
    Water depth [m]
    Depth in metres betweem mean sea level and sea floor.
    170.0
    Total depth (MD) [m RKB]
    Total measured length of wellbore from kelly bushing to total depth (driller's depth).
    4981.0
    Maximum inclination [°]
    Maximum deviation, in degrees, from a vertical well path.Shown only for released wells.
    4
    Bottom hole temperature [°C]
    Estimated temperature at final total depth of the wellbore. Shown only for released wells. See discription.
    143
    Oldest penetrated age
    Age (according to Geologic Time Scale 2004 by F. M. Gradstein, et al. (2004)) of the oldest penetrated formation. May differ from age at TD for example in deviated wellbores. Examples of legal values: CRETACEOUS, EARLY CRETACEOUS, LATE JURASSIC, EARLY PERMIAN, EARLY TRIASSIC, EOCENE.
    EARLY PERMIAN
    Oldest penetrated formation
    Name of the oldest lithostratigraphic unit penetrated by the wellbore. Shown only for released wells. In most wellbores this is formation or group at total depth. May differ from formation or group at TD for example in wellbores drilled with high deviation or through faults. Examples of legal values: AMUNDSEN FM, BALDER FM, BASEMENT, BLODØKS FM, BRYNE FM, BURTON FM, COOK FM, DRAKE FM, DRAUPNE FM, EKOFISK FM, DUNLIN GP.
    ROTLIEGEND GP
    Geodetic datum
    Reference system for coordinates. Example of legal values: ED50.
    ED50
    NS degrees
    Geographic coordinate of the wellhead, north-south degrees.
    60° 35' 12.2'' N
    EW degrees
    Geographic coordinate of the wellhead, east-west degrees.
    3° 5' 38.1'' E
    NS UTM [m]
    Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate of the wellhead, north-south.
    6716918.02
    EW UTM [m]
    Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate of the wellhead, east-west.
    505145.68
    UTM zone
    Universal Transverse Mercator zone. Examples of legal values: 31, 32, 33, 34.
    31
    NPDID wellbore
    Norwegian Offshore Directorate's unique id for the wellbore.
    402
  • Wellbore history

    General
    Well 31/4-3 was drilled on the Bjørgvin Arch in the North Sea, east of the Oseberg main field. Near-by well 31/4-2 on the southern part of the Brage Horst had recently found live oil and gas in small quantities in the Brent Group. The primary objectives were sandstones within the Early Jurassic Dunlin and Statfjord Formation. They were thought to be separate reservoirs with different hydrocarbon/water contacts. A secondary objective was to penetrate a deep seismic marker assumed to be a Paleozoic unconformity. Accumulation of hydrocarbons in Early Triassic and pre-Triassic sandstones were considered possible if adequate seal and source rocks were present.
    Operations and results
    Wildcat well 31/4-3 was spudded with the semi-submersible installation Treasure Seeker on 24 December 1979 and drilled to TD at 4981 m in rocks of Triassic/Permian age. The well was drilled with seawater and hi-vis sweeps down to 906 m, with XP-20/Spersene/Drispac mud from 906 m to TD.
    Two separate hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone intervals were encountered in the Late Jurassic Heather Formation. The Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian "Intra Heather Sand I" from 2018 m to 2082 m had gas down to a gas/oil contact at ca 2035 m and oil down-to 2048 m. The section below 2048 had silty to shaley sand with 82% water saturation. The OWC could be somewhere in this section between 2048 and 2054 m. The Callovian "Intra Heather Sand II" (Fensfjord Formation) from 2136 to 2246 m had oil (57.7% average water saturation) down to a possible OWC at 2172. This section was a silty/shaley sand and the net pay was 24 m. Below this the well penetrated 45 m of Middle Jurassic Brent Group sandstones, a 291 m thick Dunlin Group with sandstone in the Cook Formationand the Johansen Formation, and a 177 m thick Statfjord Group consisting of clean sandstone with some shale beds. These sandstones were all found to be water-bearing. Below the Statfjord Group the well penetrated 1571 m of the Triassic Hegre Group, and ended up in rocks of possibly Permian age. These sections were also water-bearing. Apart from shows in the hydrocarbon bearing Intra Heather Formation sandstones only a weak oil show in the Lista Formation at 1890 to 1905 m was recorded.
    A total of seven cores were cut in the well, five in the Jurassic sands and two at total depth. RFT fluid samples were taken at 2043.5 m (oil) and at 2165.3 m (minor air/gas and mud filtrate).
    The well was permanently abandoned on 11 May 1980 as an oil and gas discovery.
    Testing
    Two Drill stem tests were performed in the Intra Heather Formation sandstones.
    DST 1 tested the interval 2152 to 2167 m. It flowed 170 m3 water and 170 Sm3 oil/day. The GOR was 64 Sm3/Sm3, the oil gravity was 34.7 deg API, and the gas gravity was 0.74 (air = 1).
    DST 2 tested the interval 2023 to 2040 m, across the gas/oil contact. It flowed hydrocarbons at a rate of 245 Sm3 /day. The GOR was 641Sm3/Sm3 and the oil gravity was 40 deg API, and the gas gravity was 0.674 (air = 1). These values represent a blend of fluids from the oil leg and the gas cap. Maximum bottom hole temperature was 89.4 deg C.
  • Cuttings at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate

    Cuttings at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Cuttings available for sampling?
    YES
    Cuttings at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Cutting sample, top depth [m]
    Cutting samples, bottom depth [m]
    290.00
    4975.00
  • Cores at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate

    Cores at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Core sample number
    Core sample - top depth
    Core sample - bottom depth
    Core sample depth - uom
    1
    2155.0
    2171.0
    [m ]
    2
    2171.0
    2186.7
    [m ]
    3
    2357.0
    2365.8
    [m ]
    4
    2544.8
    2561.5
    [m ]
    5
    2704.8
    2718.5
    [m ]
    7
    4977.8
    4981.0
    [m ]
    Cores at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Total core sample length [m]
    74.2
    Cores at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Cores available for sampling?
    YES
  • Core photos

    Core photos
    Core photo at depth: 2155-2157m
    Core photo at depth: 2157-2160m
    Core photo at depth: 2160-2163m
    Core photo at depth: 2163-2165m
    Core photo at depth: 2165-2168m
    2155-2157m
    2157-2160m
    2160-2163m
    2163-2165m
    2165-2168m
    Core photo at depth: 2168-2171m
    Core photo at depth: 2171-2173m
    Core photo at depth: 2173-2179m
    Core photo at depth: 2179-2181m
    Core photo at depth: 2181-2184m
    2168-2171m
    2171-2173m
    2173-2179m
    2179-2181m
    2181-2184m
    Core photo at depth: 2184-2186m
    Core photo at depth: 2357-2359m
    Core photo at depth: 2359-2362m
    Core photo at depth: 2362-2365m
    Core photo at depth: 2365-2365m
    2184-2186m
    2357-2359m
    2359-2362m
    2362-2365m
    2365-2365m
    Core photo at depth: 2544-2547m
    Core photo at depth: 2547-2550m
    Core photo at depth: 2550-2552m
    Core photo at depth: 2552-2555m
    Core photo at depth: 2555-2558m
    2544-2547m
    2547-2550m
    2550-2552m
    2552-2555m
    2555-2558m
    Core photo at depth: 2558-2561m
    Core photo at depth: 2561-2561m
    Core photo at depth: 2704-2707m
    Core photo at depth: 2707-2710m
    Core photo at depth: 2710-2712m
    2558-2561m
    2561-2561m
    2704-2707m
    2707-2710m
    2710-2712m
    Core photo at depth: 2712-2715m
    Core photo at depth: 2715-2718m
    Core photo at depth: 2718-2718m
    Core photo at depth: 4979-4981m
    Core photo at depth: 4977-4979m
    2712-2715m
    2715-2718m
    2718-2718m
    4979-4981m
    4977-4979m
  • Casing and leak–off tests

    Casing and leak–off tests
    Casing type
    Casing diam.
    [inch]
    Casing depth
    [m]
    Hole diam.
    [inch]
    Hole depth
    [m]
    LOT/FIT mud eqv.
    [g/cm3]
    Formation test type
    CONDUCTOR
    30
    256.0
    36
    256.0
    0.00
    LOT
    SURF.COND.
    20
    866.0
    26
    881.0
    1.74
    LOT
    INTERM.
    13 3/8
    1899.0
    17 1/2
    1915.0
    1.72
    LOT
    INTERM.
    9 5/8
    3669.0
    12 1/4
    3685.0
    1.58
    LOT
    LINER
    7
    4981.0
    8 3/8
    4981.0
    0.00
    LOT
  • Drill stem tests (DST)

    Drill stem tests (DST)
    Test number
    From depth MD
    [m]
    To depth MD
    [m]
    Choke size
    [mm]
    1.0
    2127
    2143
    19.0
    2.0
    1998
    2015
    19.0
    Drill stem tests (DST)
    Test number
    Final shut-in pressure
    [MPa]
    Final flow pressure
    [MPa]
    Bottom hole pressure
    [MPa]
    Downhole temperature
    [°C]
    1.0
    2.0
    Drill stem tests (DST)
    Test number
    Oil
    [Sm3/day]
    Gas
    [Sm3/day]
    Oil density
    [g/cm3]
    Gas grav. rel.air
    GOR
    [m3/m3]
    1.0
    170
    11000
    0.851
    0.730
    64
    2.0
    245
    153000
    0.825
    0.674
    641
  • Logs

    Logs
    Log type
    Log top depth [m]
    Log bottom depth [m]
    CBL
    1800
    3692
    CPI
    1950
    2430
    CST
    1967
    2205
    CST
    1969
    3700
    CST
    1995
    2850
    CST
    2209
    2882
    CST
    3752
    4963
    CYBERDIP
    1924
    3713
    CYBERDIP
    3694
    4989
    DLL MSFL
    1924
    2438
    FDC CNL
    924
    2441
    FDC CNL
    2441
    3713
    FDC CNL
    3692
    4982
    FDC GR
    891
    1934
    HDT
    1924
    3713
    HDT
    3691
    4989
    ISF SON
    195
    4980
    RFT
    1966
    3192
    RFT
    2019
    2403
    RFT
    2043
    2043
    RFT
    2140
    2160
    RFT
    2165
    2165
    TEMP
    225
    4981
    VELOCITY
    500
    4975
  • Lithostratigraphy

  • Geochemical information

    Geochemical information
    Document name
    Document format
    Document size [MB]
    pdf
    0.55
    pdf
    1.56
    pdf
    4.94
    pdf
    1.07
    pdf
    0.40
  • Documents – reported by the production licence (period for duty of secrecy expired)

    Documents – reported by the production licence (period for duty of secrecy expired)
    Document name
    Document format
    Document size [MB]
    pdf
    18.49
  • Drilling mud

    Drilling mud
    Depth MD [m]
    Mud weight [g/cm3]
    Visc. [mPa.s]
    Yield point [Pa]
    Mud type
    Date measured
    265
    1.01
    waterbased
    990
    1.28
    52.0
    waterbased
    1361
    1.40
    71.0
    waterbased
    1906
    1.40
    68.0
    waterbased
    2078
    1.30
    40.0
    waterbased
    2588
    1.27
    44.0
    waterbased
    3641
    1.21
    52.0
    waterbased
    4858
    1.19
    43.0
    waterbased
  • Palynological slides at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate

    Palynological slides at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Sample depth
    Depth unit
    Sample type
    Laboratory
    1969.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    1975.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    1991.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    1995.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2007.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2011.5
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2012.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2015.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2015.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2016.5
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2021.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2023.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2027.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2034.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2046.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2052.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2070.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2074.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2085.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2097.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2100.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2110.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2115.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2120.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2133.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2134.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2139.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2148.0
    [m]
    DC
    2155.9
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2161.5
    [m]
    C
    2162.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2165.9
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2166.4
    [m]
    C
    2170.0
    [m]
    C
    2171.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2172.2
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2176.6
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2176.9
    [m]
    C
    2178.0
    [m]
    DC
    2179.5
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2183.2
    [m]
    C
    2183.8
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2186.0
    [m]
    C
    2186.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2188.0
    [m]
    C
    2214.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2218.0
    [m]
    C
    2222.0
    [m]
    C
    2225.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2245.0
    [m]
    DC
    2250.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2264.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2272.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2285.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2295.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2303.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2304.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2318.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2335.0
    [m]
    C
    2347.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2353.0
    [m]
    DC
    2357.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2358.9
    [m]
    C
    2360.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2366.0
    [m]
    C
    2370.0
    [m]
    DC
    2377.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2380.0
    [m]
    DC
    2382.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2391.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2412.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2417.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2425.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2443.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2445.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2480.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2483.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2503.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2507.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2517.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2520.0
    [m]
    DC
    2532.5
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2549.8
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2550.0
    [m]
    DC
    2552.2
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2553.8
    [m]
    C
    2557.0
    [m]
    C
    2557.4
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2558.7
    [m]
    C
    2561.5
    [m]
    C
    2580.0
    [m]
    C
    2585.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2610.0
    [m]
    DC
    2625.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2637.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2640.0
    [m]
    DC
    2670.0
    [m]
    DC
    2680.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2698.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2699.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2700.0
    [m]
    DC
    2709.0
    [m]
    C
    2712.3
    [m]
    C
    2712.5
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2718.0
    [m]
    C
    IKU
    2730.0
    [m]
    DC
    2750.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2760.0
    [m]
    DC
    2763.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    2790.0
    [m]
    DC
    2820.0
    [m]
    DC
    2850.0
    [m]
    DC
    2850.0
    [m]
    SWC
    2880.0
    [m]
    DC
    2910.0
    [m]
    DC
    2943.0
    [m]
    DC
    2970.0
    [m]
    DC
    2985.0
    [m]
    DC
    3015.0
    [m]
    SWC
    3236.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
    4310.0
    [m]
    SWC
    IKU
  • Thin sections at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate

    Thin sections at the Norwegian Offshore Directorate
    Depth
    Unit
    2559.18
    [m ]
    2551.58
    [m ]
    2548.05
    [m ]